Hi Maria,
I've been breastfeeding for over 2 years now and have dealt with this myself.
You mentioned that your son's interest in breastfeeding peaks and wanes. This can often happen during developmental milestones. A baby may become very focused on practicing the new accomplishment.
You didn't mention whether or not you have started your baby on solids yet. As you may already know, breastmilk provides the best possible nutrition for your baby and the baby's gut is better prepared for other foods after the age of 6 months. If and when you have started other foods, it is important to breastfeed before offering any solids. This way your breasts will be emptied and will help prevent plugged ducts and/or mastitis.
Another problem mother's tend to have around the age of your baby is that the baby will be easily distracted. Often the baby will pop on and off of the breast. At these times, try to find a place to feed with as little distraction as possible. Singing or telling a story may help. Another great tool to help you keep your baby focused is the nursing necklace. You can make your own or buy one. Just be sure that it will hold up to a baby's pulling (and weight). This way the baby will stay focussed on you and not end feeding before your breasts are empty.
Another thing you want to keep in mind is if your breasts are being compressed. Try to wear bras that aren't too constrictive. You may need to avoid under-wires. Also look at the position your baby is in while he breastfeeds. Is he pressing down on any part of your breast? That can keep that area from draining properly.
Finally, be sure to get lots of rest and drink a lot of water! This is very important.
Those were all ways to help prevent plugged ducts. Here are some things you can do to try to get rid of a plug.
First of all, you are doing some really great things already. You are making sure your breasts are emptied by using a pump. That is great! There are other things you may want to try too.
Get lots of rest and drink lots of water (as mentioned before). If you can, get in bed with your baby and do nothing more than breastfeed as often and as long as possible.
If your baby is on solids, temporarily don't feed those so your baby will empty your breasts more completely.
While breastfeeding, try positioning your baby so that his chin is positioned where the lump is. This will help to drain that area more efficiently. You may have to get in an awkward position for this but your baby probably won't mind.
While breastfeeding, put a lot of focus in having your baby feed on the affected breast and completely empty it, but remember to get the unaffected breast emptied to avoid a plugged duct in that breast too. Once your baby empties your breast (or your pump), you may want to try hand expression. That way you can focus on the affected area. If you do manage to unplug the duct, you may notice thicker, creamier milk come out. The milk may even look a bit mottled. A good place to do hand expression is in a warm shower or bath (just be sure the tub is very clean). The heat will definitely be an aid.
Finally, if you do develop mastitis, definitely see a Dr. You will know it is mastitis if you have lump as you described; the area may be a bit red and sore. If you develop a fever and/or flu-like symptoms, those are strong indicators that you have mastitis.
There are many medical professionals who do not know up-to-date information about breastfeeding. Please take medical advice selectively and if you get poor advice, please find another Dr.
If you have mastitis, you will be prescribed antibiotics. Finish the whole course so that it doesn't come back. You may want to take probiotics such acidophilus and eat a lot of yogurt to prevent a yeast infection.
Again, get lots of rest and drink plenty of water.
Continue to empty your breasts. If you are advised to discontinue breastfeeding, to limit breastfeeding at this time, or to bind your breasts, find a different Dr.
Mastitis will in no way harm your baby. Also, you can be prescribed antibiotics that are safe to use while breastfeeding. The worst thing you could do right now is try to wean.
I developed a plugged duct more than once and even went on to develop mastitis. It is definitely not easy, but it is something you can work through.
I hope this helped.
Take care,
C.
______________________________
I would like to add something.
If you have mastitis, please do not try to fight the infection off yourself. You can become very ill and this will make it difficult to care for your little one which will in turn make you feel even more run-down.
If left untreated, the lump could become encapsulated (in an attempt to protect you). This is called a galactocele. This is basically a cyst. This would make this lump a permanent part of your breast unless you get it aspirated with a needle(s) or surgically removed.