I think much of what you're going through is normal. Young toddlers learn from a young age what they can control. Food is one of those things. I have 4 kids myself. My youngest is 13 mos. old. too. So, I'm right with you.
I start by NOT offering too many choices. Little ones can't process when we do that. Simply put before your little boy the food that you are going to prepare. For example, if you are going to have some fruit. Cut it up in small pieces and put it before him. Just a thought, he may not like "mushy" textures.
I try to be careful not to over-cater to my kids in the area of food. By that, I don't mean give them stuff you know they hate. But, I do mean that I won't make a second meal for my kids because they don't like this or that. If you're not careful, you may create a picky eater by giving in to his every whim. I don't say that to sound discouraging either :) I say that, because I went through this with my girls, and it took several years of undoing the behavior.
When my son (the 1 year old now) turned 11 mos. he stopped eating baby food. He just hated it. We went straight to table food. But I took it in steps (so as to watch for allergies). Bananas, cut up fruit, Ritz crackers (he has a lot of teeth), cheese (cut up)...I guess the list could go on and on. These are food I started with.
One other point, and I'll just leave it at this, is to not allow eating time to become a battle. What I mean is, simply, that eating time shouldn't be war. It should be an enjoyable time for all parties involved. It should be a time of pleasure. You can sit down with your little guy, talk to him about what you're going to feed him, or give him a baby spoon with some food item...and let the learning flow.
Oh, I almost forgot. The screaming. This is tough. My son was doing that as well during feeding times. It was making me feel upset as well. Part of it may be that he's frustrated. He doesn't have the verbal skills yet to tell you what he wants, right? A book that I read suggested teaching BASIC sign language for that period of time while their brains are geared up to learn language.
All I do is the signing for eat, drink and mommy. Learning just the basics can save you and him a lot of frustration. I can tell you that after two weeks, my son has calmed down at eating time. He doesn't sign yet, but he giggles when I make the gestures and I have noticed a difference in the frustration during feeding time. Also, when he screams or starts hitting the high chair. I say "No" firmly (but not in anger), and I put his hands down on the tray or next to him. I say "No, we don't hit." If you do it consistently, they start to make connections. It is okay to not allow everything at this age. Be firm and loving...above all, be consistent. Babies pick up on our frustration, our chaotic mood. Hope this helps. Good luck!