D.P.
It's important for parents to understand that toilet training is a learning experience. A toddler must be mentally, physically and emotionally ready to learn all the new and wonderful steps involved in a fairly complicated process.
Mentally, toddler needs to understand what potty training means, as well as what a potty, toilet and toilet paper are for. The child must be familiar with the body parts involved and should know the difference between urination and a bowel movement (even if baby talk is used, like Tee Tee or Poo Poo).
Physical sensations are important. Toddler must be able to physically "feel" the need to go potty and feel what muscles are used to pee or to poop. These skills seem to become instinctual very quickly, but first they need to be learned and practiced.
Emotionally, a child must understand that potty training or going potty is natural, safe and something that everyone does. Some children, although physically or intellectually ready, are not emotionally ready for potty training. For example, some children are actually afraid to have their bowel movement drop out from their bodies and into a toilet from where it is flushed away, forever. They fear that they are losing a part of themselves. Others may not be emotionally ready to give up the security of diapers.
Therefore it is very important for the parent or child caregiver to observe the child's state of development and then make a determination of when to begin the toilet training process.
Start watching for signs of potty training readiness when toddler is between two and three years old. Most signs are fairly obvious. Some of these include:
Body language: squatting, uneasy facial expressions, moving towards the bathroom, tentatively tugging at the diaper, perhaps trying to take it off.
Verbal expressions: Initially they may be words that are almost primitive, such as potty, pee-pee, doo-doo, tinky or cucky. Or, they may be accustomed to use more appropriate potty training expressions like: have to go, have to make, need to potty, etc.
Cognitive signs: Toddler understands the difference between wet, dry or soaked, diapers, pants or panties, big girl and big boy.
Social signs: Toddler is aware of other children who have gone through the potty training process and are no longer in diapers. Toddler seeks to be on their level and to be finished with toilet training.
Toddler will be happy to accept rewards or praise in order to please grown-ups.
Modeling signs: Toddler seeks to imitate Mom, Dad, older siblings or peers.
Other signs: Toddler clearly expresses discomfort in wearing wet or dirty diapers, and prefers to be changed into something dry and clean.
Toddler can pull up his or her own underpants and push them down around the knees for potty training and later, when using the potty or toilet.
Toddler clearly expresses that he or she needs to use the potty or toilet.
Knowing when toddler is ready to be toilet trained makes all the difference in a successful toilet training experience as opposed to a traumatic, frustrating and unhappy O.. Starting before your child expresses readiness may lead to unwanted potty training problems.