A.T.
Hi A. -
I know this is hard because I've gone through it with all three of my children (6, 4 and 16 months). I have really stubborn sleepers too! But, through much trial and error (I tried everything to avoid making them "cry it out"), I found that consistent routine is the best bet. Have a consistent nighttime routine (you're right, it gives them sleep cues) and put them down and leave. Don't go back in unless they give a pain cry (I did have one get a leg caught in the crib) or you hear a huge thud (I had one climb . . . fall . . . out of the crib). Every one of my children took more than the guaranteed "2 - 3 nights" to stop crying and just go to sleep. And one of them still cried for about 5 minutes every time to wind down (this lasted a few months). And now I have three really good sleepers. One caveat -- have you considered a noise machine? We got one with my 16 month old when we started sleep training and it has really helped. Good luck -- I know what it's like to dread that bedtime crying -- I think you are doing the right thing.
A. T.