Hi, K.. I had an overweight cat who also liked to wake people up early to get fed. Not by meowing, but by actually waking people up by walking on them, licking them, etc. She lived with my mom for a while, and I think since my mom woke up early to go to work, she was just used to getting fed early. When I bought my house and was able to take the cat, she learned really fast that I wake up when I want to (I worked evenings and my daughter was in PM kindergarten). She eventually got used to it and stopped trying to wake me up. Do you keep a spray bottle nearby? I would keep the bedroom door open so he's not rattling the door (my kittens do that whenever the door is closed and that drives me insane), and if he starts meowing for food, spray him with water. He'll go away and start learning not to meow while you're sleeping.
Is your cat an outdoor cat? I learned this the hard way with my overweight cat, but he may have worms. My cat was an indoor cat. One morning I woke up to her vomiting a couple worms. She was always so hungry, but I controlled what she ate. I couldn't understand why she was still so fat when she was already treated for worms 3 times the year before and was finally given a clean bill of health. I would have him checked for that, because worms can come in on your shoe or, if you have a dog, on your dog. And they eat all your cat's food, so it will make him hungry again in a short time. I hope that's not the case, though.
About jumping on the counter, I heard that cats don't like aluminum foil. So if you tape a sheet down so it's loose enough to crinkle when he jumps up, that might start keeping him away. One of my aunts also told me to take a shallow pan (like a cookie sheet that has sides on it), put some water in it, and set it on the counter. The cat will jump into the pan (if you put it where he usually jumps up there) of water. This will begin to deter him because he can't see if that pan is on the counter or not. So it becomes "risky" for him to jump up there once he's gotten a taste of jumping into the water. I tend to just spray my kittens whenever they do something I don't want them doing. They got to the point now where if I see them looking like they're going to climb onto my kitchen table (they like the window it's up against), they get down when they either see me coming or when I tell them to get down.