One of the best things to do is to go on the Arizona Department of Education website, http://www.ade.az.gov/. You can find school report cards there.
Another really great site is the daily Star, one of our local papers. Here is the address you should put in: http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/education/. You will find public and charter school information there.
Also really important to know what housing looks like and costs in these various areas. The place to go is www.tarmls.com, type in "public search". You can type all kinds of search parameters including specific schools, parts of town etc.
The Vail School district is in SE or XS(extreme south). It's a great community and tends to be a lot of newer homes. It is experiencing a lot of growth.
The Catalina Foothills School District is mostly in N(North Tucson) and also Rates Well. You will find a combination of newer and older homes here, on various sized lots, as well as lots of condos. There is also great shopping and resturants here.
The Tanque Verde School District is all in 85749, and is NE. It's in the beautiful Tanque Verde Valley and has much more rural feeling, but with a very involved community. It tends to have a lot of older homes on larger lots many between 1-3 acres. You will find a lot of horse property here.
Marana will be in NW, and has a lot of newer homes, and lots of activities.
Oro Valley with amphitheater school district, is a little higher in elevation and on the NW and possibly XNW side
In recent years there has been a lot of commercial development on the NW side of town, so shopping and resturants are plentiful.
Sahuarita is a brand new area in XS. It has a great development called Rancho Sahuarita, that even has a water park.
As many have mentioned TUSD or Tucson Unified School District is in a lot of trouble. They are huge covering pretty much all geographic areas of town, but also all of central tucson. There are some good schools here but the management of the district is in a great deal of trouble and flux. See the Daily Star for more information.
These are just some of the districts and parts of town. But it's a good starting point. You can find more information online. When searching the multiple listing site, you can better search when you put in area of town or school district.
When searching for a school, once you have narrowed it down a little, go and visit. Meet with the principal and ask questions. Test scores and other parents comments are a good starting point but nothing beats getting a feel for it yourself. Also be advised that class size varies widely between school districts and grades, as does the number of classroom helpers and availability of classes such as music, art, spanish, and PE. Also keep in mind that the newer areas of town, are also growing quickly, which means that schools are in a lot of flux, as they are strive to keep up with a quickly growing student population. You need to weigh this with, community feel, activities, housing type and of course cost. Also if considering a move to Vail school district, be aware that they are on a different school year than the rest of Tucson. Their school has more vacations throughout the year and less time in the summer. School will start up for them in July sometime. The rest of Tucson gets out this week and goes back early to mid August.
Hope this helps. Let me know if there is anything more I can do for you!
J.