My son had this same issue. When I would nurse him or give him a bottle or expressed milk he would vomit. (he was exclusively breastfed/expressed breastmilk for 2 months) We discovered he has severe acid reflux and because breastmilk is so thin his body rejects it. He's now on formula and has rice cereal mixed with it to thicken it. Its made a world of difference. (he was losing weight and things were pretty bad for a couple weeks)
Even now, when I give my son a bottle of breastmilk (I had worked hard during the 2 months he was breastfed to freeze some) he tends to spit up (even with the rice cereal added). I actually have to give him bottles of breastmilk and formula mixed (along with the rice cereal) in order for him to keep this down.
I don't know that your daughter has acid reflux, but it could be that because breastmilk is so much thinner than formula her body is rejecting it. Formula takes a bit longer to digest and it coats the tummy a little better.