So many teachable moments going on here. First, and this is just me, but demanding that someone speak to me "respectfully" is too subjective. My rule was "no yelling, no swearing," but I didn't feel I could control "tone" as it is a losing battle. I can choose not to respond to kids talking to me snotty - I'd simply I couldn't hear that particular tone of voice.
Getting out of bed at that age is a no brainer. All 6 kids, including my special needs kids, could get their butts out of bed on time for school without my intervention at that age. While my special needs kids needed hygiene reminders, my non-special needs kids would never be reminded to brush teeth, shower, shave, etc. Honestly, he is WAY past all of this.
I'd write out the new "rules and expectations" on his bed tonight (rather than engage him verbally):
1. Cell phone is earned by arriving to school on time. If you are late, you lose your cell phone 1 day for every tardy. If you miss school, cell phone is gone for a week. (obviously not if he really needs to be absent).
2. While 4 miles is NOT too far to walk, he may not have a walkable route to school so I am going to accept that he can't. He CAN uber, lyft and/or taxi at his own expense. He will need to call one of these services if he missing the bus. Under no circumstances should a 14 yr old cause his mother to be late to work due to sheer laziness. The consequence is clear here - he has to foot the bill.
3. Hygiene - I had one kiddo who was a "reluctant brusher" due to sheer laziness. This will likely rectify when girls become more important, but until then I told mine that he had to pay for any dental work that was related to lack of brushing and flossing, so basically all cavities. Again, the consequence here is clear. Failure to engage in self-care, only costs HIM.
Stop engaging in the morning and that will solve much of the "attitude" you are seeing. If possible, just leave for work a bit early and you won't even need to watch everything unfold. I doubt it will take long for the natural costs and consequences to start turning things around. As far as the complaining, as the mom to one world class complainer, I just tune it out. That is his way of communicating and doesn't even realize he is doing it most of the time. A whiner is annoying but really only if you listen. You can always comment that the whining isn't your cup of tea when he starts and offer that you are willing to hear about his day if he can find a way to do so without the whining. Otherwise, just say "hey, I'm too busy to listen to whining" and do your own thing.
Good luck!