Please please please PLEASE do LOTS of research into this before you take on a new family member. I am in no way discouraging you from getting a pet (they can be absolutely wonderful!), but please be sure that your eyes are wide open to the responsibility you are taking on. Just the fact that you indicated that it will be a "sometimes indoor but mostly outdoor" dog makes me think that you are not really aware of the true size of the responsibility/job you are taking on. (Maybe I'm wrong; I'm just trying to help).
Dogs are a big responsibility and can be very time consuming. Particularly if you want a well socialized family member without destructive and annoying behaviors. And that includes annoying to your neighbors.
Anybody can bring home a dog and toss it into the fenced back yard, add food and water and call it a pet. But to truly incorporate a dog into a well socialized family dynamic, it takes a lot of work and time spent teaching your pup how he fits into your family. Please scroll back through some of the previous posts on this site about moms who have added a dog to their young family and some of the stress and problems they have encountered as a result. You have a big job already with a 16 month old little boy. And a dog that is 1 year old is still really a puppy. Beagles are known to be barkers/howlers, and can be very stubborn. My pastor's is a digger (digs out of the backyard fence). So research the care, training, and development of dogs in general, and in the beagle breed in particular (since you are looking at a beagle).
While I commend you for being game for getting a pet and rescuing one from the shelter no less, I would caution you to please spend some time researching exactly what will be required on your end to ensure that it is a lasting happy relationship. It takes a LOT more than a bowl and a bed for them to be happy and well adjusted. They need regular walks (even if they have a fenced yard to play in it is NOT the same thing) and discipline. And they need to be part of a "pack". They are not "designed" to spend time isolated from their family members.
As long as you are educated about what you are taking on, and are prepared to follow through with the job, you will be fine with whatever animal you decide to adopt into your family, whether cat or dog or hamster or fish or ___.
Happy adoption to whatever you choose. :)
p.s.
FWIW, When my hubby & I first began discussing getting a dog for our family, I too thought maybe we would do part inside and part outside. The more I read on the proper care and training for dogs, I quickly came to realize that it would not have the end result we wanted and would end up with the dog just being outside and it becoming a chore for us to take care of, rather than a part of our FAMILY. We got a German Shepherd at 10 weeks old. She is 6 1/2 years old now, and a very big part of our family. Yes, she sheds alot, and it can be annoying to clean up. But she is inside with us always, unless one of us goes outside for something-- then she doesn't want to be left behind! :) It is a great comfort having her inside with us, and she truly considers us her pack/family. And we her. The house is not the same when we come home from vacation and she's not here (not yet picked up from the boarding kennel). If you choose wisely, and are willing to be disciplined about some work during the first year or so, you will not regret having an inside dog at all. I never thought I would feel that way. But I cannot even conceive of having ours be outside like the dogs we had when I was a kid.