I totally agree with you about refusing CIO - and there's plenty of research coming out of our top universities and published in peer-reviewed journals that say that CIO methods can lead to long-term psychological problems.
(See Alvin Powell, Harward; James McKenna, Univeristy of Notre Dame; Peter Fleming, considered the top expert in the world on SIDS, University of Bristol)
It strikes me that a common justification for the CIO method is that "Sleep is a need, too, for the baby, and for the mom," but it implies that the moms who "respond to their babies needs" are all martyrs who are constantly sleep-deprived. That's a false dichotomy. The kellymom website says this about nighttime parenting: "Your goal is to maximize sleep for everyone in the family, while respecting the needs of your child." Sounds good to me.
OK, for some advice on "nighttime parenting", see here:
http://www.kellymom.com/parenting/sleep/index.html
Kellymom has tons of information on attachment parenting (AP) issues. Are you familiar with Mothing magazine, Dr. Sears, and the Berkeley Parenting Network? They are also AP-friendly, and all of their websites have advice and articles about infant sleep. (www.mothering.com, www.askdrsears.com, and http://parents.berkeley.edu/)
Of course with twins, you'll have different issues to deal with. I can't advise you there, but there are plenty of AP moms with twins, so maybe you can google for that.
I noticed someone had recommended that "Healthy Sleep Habits" (Weisbluth), but I think he's the most extreme CIO-proponent out there, so I'm pretty sure that's NOT the guy for you. Just a couple of days ago someone posted a similar sleep question. But she had been following Weisbluth's advice, and her baby was crying for over an HOUR every night, and sometimes even vomiting. LOTS of folks responded to that one, so you might get something out of that post. (I personally think Tracy Hogg "The Baby Whisperer" is a bit of a chump, as well, but not atrocious, like that Weisbluth fellow.)
(Here's the post)
http://www.mamasource.com/request/8127467741138386945
Someone also mentioned the "No-Cry Sleep Solution" by Elizabeth Pantley - I like that one too. If you want to get a flavor of that one before buying the book, there are chapter excerpts at the kellymom website (same webpage as above)
Since you have an academic interest in Psychology, I think you would enjoy some books by Meredith Small, "Our Babies, Ourselves: How Biology and Culture Shape the Way We Parent" and also a similar one for older children, "Kids." She's more of a cultural anthropologist, but I think you would find her fascinating, and she writes about all kinds of things, including sleep.
By now, you're probably thinking "You all keep recommending books to me - when am I supposed to READ? I have TWINS! And they are NOT sleeping!!! Hello?!?"
Sorry.