My son also did this for about 3 weeks around 17 months. I would go to his room and he would be sitting up in bed crying (often with tears streaming down his face), was very resistant to being touched/soothed for a good 5-10 minutes, and then it would take over ~45 minutes to get him back to sleep....and then only to wake up a few hours later and do the same thing again.
I read up on nightmares, night terrors, etc and started keeping notes about big things that had happened each day (since it wasn't consistently happening every night) to figure out if there was a trigger.
The only thing we came up with as a theory was:
As I was 8+ months pregnant when it started, we had just started watching 15-30 minutes of a movie late in the day/pre-dinner when dad wasn't home yet and I was too pooped to chase him around a lot and just needed a breather....stuff like Cars and Ratatouille. But after looking at the notes, I decided that it might be too violent/scary and/or otherwise hard to distinguish from reality for him....so we stopped and the teary nighttime waking also stopped.
Very possibly just been a coincidence or just a random development milestone phase (have a good friend who says "Any crazy/annoying/exhausting behavior that your kid starts doing will generally change/go away out of the blue if you can just survive it for 3 weeks without you doing anything but continuing to be consistent with your regular routines.") that he was struggling with and not the tv/movie watching at all -- but it did stop.
So hang in there!