M.P.
I suggest reading the book "Non-violent Communication." There is a web site that will tell you about this form of talking and has excerpts from the book. It's about how to word things so that the other person is less apt to misunderstand your intent. I know your difficulty is more complicated than the way you word things. This is just an idea for a start.
I strongly urge you to get started with counseling. I suspect your husband won't go. He sounds very rigid in his belief system. But you go and learn how to manage things so that you can be happy.
Later: I went back and read a couple of your previous posts. It sounds like you want for your husband to work together with you as a team. I learned with several of my relationships that some people just aren't able to be a part of a team. I suspect that they're too insecure to allow anyone else to have a part in their decisions. Unconsciously they believe that if they are totally in charge that they will be OK. Obviously that's not true.
I read that you have some serious health issues. I hope that you've been able to take care of yourself without depending on your husband to help you. He's not able to understand that you need certain foods because he's not able to accept that you're ill. I suggest that he believes that as long as he denies the illness it will be OK. At the same time he knows, also unconsciously, that you are ill and as you said this affects his attitude in a negative way. He's expending a lot of energy fighting with you so that he doesn't have to accept that you have serious health issues. Does he now have serious health issues too? If so he's very, very scared.
He's behaving out of fear, an emotion. Logic will not help him. He's too frightened. It would help immensely if you could find a way to allow him to talk about his fears. I suspect he's macho and can't do it. You really need to get started in counseling even if he won't go so that you can learn how to deal with his personality. You can also learn how to deal with your own fears without depending on him.
One caveat that helps me is to remember that everyone is doing the best that they can do at the moment. Perhaps if you could be empathic to both your situation and his then you'll be less angry to get angry with his angry responses.
Another caveat that helps me is the idea that my world is unfolding in the way that it should be. I try to see every situation as one in which I'm to learn something. Looking back on my many years of living, I see this as true.
What I suggest is that most of all you need to take care of yourself. Your shutting down is a way of doing that. So, don't be afraid to shut down. It's a good thing to do. It's healthy because you know he's unable to have a reasonable conversation. Backing off show that you know you can't change what's happening.
I suggest that you can't change your husband and his macho attitude. You can change the way you react to him. Counseling will help you learn how to do that.
As to fixing things that need to be fixed, my mother learned how to make that happen. She did it herself when my Dad wasn't around. I suggest that the smoke alarms can appear on the ceiling and he won't notice. Or if he does you can refuse to discuss it. Don't get sucked into his need to fight about it. That would be a time to withdraw/shut down. You can't change him, only yourself.
It's very reasonable to want a partner in your marriage. It seems obvious that your husband, at this time, is unable to share responsibility. When you see that something needs to be done, you'll need to do it, quietly, without involving him. For example: you can eat healthy. Let him eat however he wants to eat. You don't have to eat out with him. Only when you stand your ground and do what is right will he be able to see that what you're doing works. Stay away from blaming him.
As for Christmas, could you have money to spend the way you want to spend it. Do your Christmas shopping without him. Start to become independent from him in a quiet way. Stop trying to change him into something he's unable to be. Yes, he should share the holiday spirit but he's not doing so. You make your own holiday happiness with your children.
I am confused as to has the major health problems. If it's him, you cannot change the way he eats. You can only be an example for eating healthy. That might eventually allow him to also eat healthy. But eating healthy when he's not is extremely difficult. If you eat healthy for your own health then it's worth doing so. I suggest, however, if you're eating healthy for his benefit then you run the risk of feeling angry at him which make the issue of eating one of anger instead of one in which you're doing it for yourself. If you eat healthy for yourself, then it doesn't matter so much if he eats healthy or not. How he eats is his responsibility. If you can let go of feeling responsible for what he does while doing what you know to be right for yourself and your children you'll have less reason to feel anger and your communication with your husband will be less angry. Complicated, I know. Counseling will help you understand this.
If it's your husband who has had several small strokes, keep in mind that strokes can change one's personality. Some of his inability to communicate could very well be related to parts of his brain having died. You might be able to find a support group for families who are affected by strokes or other health issues.