No napping can definitely make a more cranky baby. My son has always had issue napping, since he was 2 months old (now 19 months). The only thing that would work was to nurse him to sleep in bed with me. Unfortunately, I didn't realize that for quite a while, and then after a while I was worried about nursing him to sleep and stopped, so he stopped napping again. Do what works for you and don't worry about forming a bad habit. Even if you do, you can always break it later, and sleep is so important. My son was always so cranky, but getting a good nap in really helps. It even helps him sleep better at night, he used to be so tired at night he would get really crazy and start falling over himself, and get hurt, now he is more calm at night, and will just go right to bed. One more thing, he is still weird about napping, he won't do it in his crib, so I nurse him to sleep (only for naps), and lay him on my bed. Works every time, and he will sleep for hours that way. Not the best thing, but it works for us. The crying/screaming thing on wake up is also normal, my son still does that when he wakes up in his crib (not when he wakes up in our bed though). Some babies wake up happy, other don't.
Wash your finger well (get all soap residue off), and put your finger in his mouth, if he starts chewing on it (not sucking), he is probably teething. I like the Hyland's teething gel, works great, and much longer than the teething tablets.